Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
A vehicle powered only by a battery and electric motor, with no engine. Charging infrastructure, not the vehicle, is usually the constraint for a public fleet.
A battery electric vehicle carries no engine and no fuel tank. Everything comes from a battery charged from the grid.
For a public fleet the vehicle is rarely the hard part. Duty cycles for pool cars, inspection vehicles and light-duty routes returning to one depot are well within range. The difficulty is charging capacity at the facility, the electrical service behind it, and a utility timeline the agency does not control. Fleets that struggle usually bought vehicles before they had the power to charge them.
Range is quoted under test conditions and public fleet work is often not test conditions. Cold weather, hills, heavy upfits, idling to run equipment and long shifts all reduce it, and a plow or patrol duty cycle is not a commuter one.
